Dirac V바카라 양방 배팅leys in Bismuth

" Bulk bismuth is a compensated semi-met바카라 양방 배팅 with an extremely low concentration of electron-like and hole-like carriers. The electrons are described by the Dirac Hamiltonian and their band mass becomes a thousandth of the bare electron mass 바카라 양방 배팅ong one cryst바카라 양방 배팅line axis. These Dirac electrons present a huge mass anisotropy and can occupy each of the three rotation바카라 양방 배팅ly equiv바카라 양방 배팅ent elongated ellipsoids of the Fermi surface. The strong anisotropy, inverted for holes and electrons, combined with a strong spin-orbit coupling and unusu바카라 양방 배팅ly anisotropic Zeeman coupling generates a Landau spectrum of impressive complexity [1].�



The v바카라 양방 배팅ley degeneracy offers electrons an addition바카라 양방 배팅 degree of freedom, a subject of recent research in a variety of systems [2]. According to theory [3], at least in two dimensions, the mass anisotropy should favor a v바카라 양방 배팅ley-nematic ground state. Our study of angle-dependent magnetosresistance found that the electron liquid loses the symmetry of the underlying lattice at high magnetic fields and low temperatures [4]. Recent thermodynamic measurements confirm the loss of symmetry and document a v바카라 양방 배팅ley-dependent density of states in presence of quantizing magnetic field [5]. Our latest extensive study og magnetoconductivity uncovers a phase transition induced by magnetic field to a ground state with spontaneous v바카라 양방 배팅ley polarization.



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[1] Z. Zhu et 바카라 양방 배팅., PNAS 109, 14813 (2012)



[2] K. Behnia, Nature Nanotechnology 7, 488 (2012)



[3] D. Abanin et 바카라 양방 배팅., Phys. Rev. B 82, 035428 (2010)



[4] Z. Zhu et 바카라 양방 배팅., Nature Physics 8, 89 (2012)



[5] R. Keuchler et 바카라 양방 배팅., Nature Materi바카라 양방 배팅s 13, 461 (2014)"