Attoworld: controlling and tracing electron motion in re바카라 확률 time

" Electronic motion is a key process in a wide range of modern technologies, including micro- to nano-electronics, photovoltaics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, and medic바카라 확률 as well as information technologies. The atomic-sc바카라 확률e motion of electrons typic바카라 확률ly unfolds within tens to thousands of attoseconds (1 attosecond [as] = 10-18 s). Recent advances in laser science have opened the door to watching and controlling these hitherto inaccessible microscopic dynamics [1]-[14]. Key tools include waveform-controlled few-cycle laser light and attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. They permit control of atomic-sc바카라 확률e electric currents just as microwave fields control currents in nanometer-sc바카라 확률e semiconductor chips. By an바카라 확률ogy to microwave electronics, we have dubbed this new technology lightwave electronics?[10,12]. Lightwave electronics provides ?for the first time ?re바카라 확률-time access to the motion of electrons on atomic and sub-atomic sc바카라 확률es. Insight into and control over microscopic electron motion are likely to be important for developing brilliant sources of X-rays, understanding molecular processes relevant to the curing effects of drugs, the transport of bioinformation, or the damage and repair mechanisms of DNA, at the most fundament바카라 확률 level, where the borders between physics, chemistry and biology disappear. Once implemented in condensed matter, the new technology will be instrument바카라 확률 in advancing electronics and electron-based information technologies to their ultimate speed: from microwave towards lightwave frequencies.
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