Photonic crystals, 바카라 시스템 배팅, and quantum 바카라 시스템 배팅

In an optical medium possessing a spatial distribution of refractive index with periodicity on the order of wavelength, there exists a photonic band gap similar to the band gap in semiconductors. We call these optical medium the photonic crystals. By varying the incident light intensity or by use of external electric field, the band gap of photonic crystal can be controlled, which enables a realization of various photonic switching. Artificial optical media possessing the spatial distribution of refractive index smaller than wavelength are called 바카라 시스템 배팅. When the spatial distribution is on the order of micrometer, THz 바카라 시스템 배팅 can be obtained, while the optical 바카라 시스템 배팅 can be realized in the nano-structured artificial optical medium. In these 바카라 시스템 배팅, the optical property not existing in nature can be observed and a variety of new symmetric structures can be designed. By manipulating the boundaries of graphenes, the propagation of De Broglies wave can be tailored, which is called quantum metamaterial. In quatum 바카라 시스템 배팅, phenomena can observed those appearing in optical 바카라 시스템 배팅 such as negative refraction and collimation.